Working with EXIF metadata
What is EXIF?
According to the specification, EXIF (Exchangeable image file format) is a standard that specifies the formats to be used for images, sound and tags in digital still cameras and in other systems handling the image and sound files recorded by digital still cameras. Despite the confusing definition and name of the format, EXIF is just a metadata standard. In fact, it simply defines a way to store metadata properties in a variety of well-known image and audio formats. The EXIF tag structure is borrowed from TIFF files. The specification declares a set of tags intended to store technical details such as the geolocation of the place where a picture was taken, the name of the camera owner, camera settings, etc.
Reading basic EXIF properties
To access EXIF metadata in a file of any supported format, GroupDocs.Metadata provides the IExif.getExifPackage method. The following are the steps to read EXIF metadata:
- Load a file that contains EXIF metadata
- Extract the EXIF metadata package using the IExif.getExifPackage method
The following code snippet gets EXIF properties of a TIFF image and displays them on the screen.
advanced_usage.working_with_metadata_standards.exif.ReadBasicExifProperties
try (Metadata metadata = new Metadata(Constants.TiffWithExif)) {
IExif root = (IExif) metadata.getRootPackage();
if (root.getExifPackage() != null) {
System.out.println(root.getExifPackage().getArtist());
System.out.println(root.getExifPackage().getCopyright());
System.out.println(root.getExifPackage().getImageDescription());
System.out.println(root.getExifPackage().getMake());
System.out.println(root.getExifPackage().getModel());
System.out.println(root.getExifPackage().getSoftware());
System.out.println(root.getExifPackage().getImageWidth());
System.out.println(root.getExifPackage().getImageLength());
// ...
System.out.println(root.getExifPackage().getExifIfdPackage().getBodySerialNumber());
System.out.println(root.getExifPackage().getExifIfdPackage().getCameraOwnerName());
System.out.println(root.getExifPackage().getExifIfdPackage().getUserComment());
// ...
System.out.println(root.getExifPackage().getGpsPackage().getAltitude());
System.out.println(root.getExifPackage().getGpsPackage().getLatitudeRef());
System.out.println(root.getExifPackage().getGpsPackage().getLongitudeRef());
// ...
}
}
Reading all EXIF tags
In some cases, it’s necessary to read all EXIF properties from a file, including custom ones. To achieve this the GroupDocs.Metadata API provides direct access to the EXIF tags extracted from a file.
- Load a file that contains EXIF metadata
- Extract the EXIF metadata package using the IExif.getExifPackage method
- Iterate through all EXIF tags on different levels
advanced_usage.working_with_metadata_standards.exif.ReadExifTags
try (Metadata metadata = new Metadata(Constants.JpegWithExif)) {
IExif root = (IExif) metadata.getRootPackage();
if (root.getExifPackage() != null) {
String pattern = "%s = %s";
for (TiffTag tag : root.getExifPackage().toList()) {
System.out.println(String.format(pattern, tag.getTagID(), tag.getValue()));
}
for (TiffTag tag : root.getExifPackage().getExifIfdPackage().toList()) {
System.out.println(String.format(pattern, tag.getTagID(), tag.getValue()));
}
for (TiffTag tag : root.getExifPackage().getGpsPackage().toList()) {
System.out.println(String.format(pattern, tag.getTagID(), tag.getValue()));
}
}
}
Reading a specific EXIF tag
The GroupDocs.Metadata API also supports reading specific EXIF tags using a method that accepts the tag id as a parameter. Follow below-mentioned steps to read a specific EXIF tag.
- Load a file that contains EXIF metadata
- Extract the EXIF metadata package using the IExif.getExifPackage method
- Get a specific tag using the getByTiffTagID method
advanced_usage.working_with_metadata_standards.exif.ReadSpecificExifTag
try (Metadata metadata = new Metadata(Constants.TiffWithExif)) {
IExif root = (IExif) metadata.getRootPackage();
if (root.getExifPackage() != null) {
TiffAsciiTag software = (TiffAsciiTag) root.getExifPackage().getByTiffTagID(TiffTagID.Software);
if (software != null) {
System.out.println(String.format("Software: %s", software.getValue()));
}
}
}
Updating EXIF properties
The GroupDocs.Metadata API facilitates the user to update EXIF metadata in a convenient way - using the ExifPackage class methods. Follow the below steps to update EXIF metadata in a file of any supported format.
- Load a file that contains EXIF metadata
- Extract the EXIF metadata package using the IExif.getExifPackage method
- Assign values to desired EXIF properties
- Save the changes
advanced_usage.working_with_metadata_standards.exif.UpdateExifProperties
try (Metadata metadata = new Metadata(Constants.InputJpeg)) {
IExif root = (IExif) metadata.getRootPackage();
// Set the EXIF package if it's missing
if (root.getExifPackage() == null) {
root.setExifPackage(new ExifPackage());
}
root.getExifPackage().setCopyright("Copyright (C) 2011-2020 GroupDocs. All Rights Reserved.");
root.getExifPackage().setImageDescription("test image");
root.getExifPackage().setSoftware("GroupDocs.Metadata");
// ...
root.getExifPackage().getExifIfdPackage().setBodySerialNumber("test");
root.getExifPackage().getExifIfdPackage().setCameraOwnerName("GroupDocs");
root.getExifPackage().getExifIfdPackage().setUserComment("test comment");
// ...
metadata.save(Constants.OutputJpeg);
}
Adding or updating custom EXIF tags
The GroupDocs.Metadata API allows adding or updating custom tags in an EXIF package.
- Load a file that contains EXIF metadata
- Extract the EXIF metadata package using the IExif.getExifPackage method
- Set the EXIF package if it’s missing
- Add any number of custom tags to the package
- Save the changes
advanced_usage.working_with_metadata_standards.exif.SetCustomExifTag
try (Metadata metadata = new Metadata(Constants.TiffWithExif)) {
IExif root = (IExif) metadata.getRootPackage();
// Set the EXIF package if it's missing
if (root.getExifPackage() == null) {
root.setExifPackage(new ExifPackage());
}
// Add a known property
root.getExifPackage().set(new TiffAsciiTag(TiffTagID.Artist, "test artist"));
// Add a fully custom property (which is not described in the EXIF specification).
// Please note that the chosen ID may intersect with the IDs used by some third party tools.
root.getExifPackage().set(new TiffAsciiTag(65523, "custom"));
metadata.save(Constants.OutputTiff);
}
Here is a full list of tags that can be added to an EXIF package:
- TiffAsciiTag
- TiffByteTag
- TiffDoubleTag
- TiffFloatTag
- TiffLongTag
- TiffRationalTag
- TiffSByteTag
- TiffShortTag
- TiffSLongTag
- TiffSRationalTag
- TiffSShortTag
- TiffUndefinedTag
Removing EXIF metadata
To remove the EXIF package from a file just pass null to the IExif.setExifPackage method. The code sample below shows how to remove EXIF metadata from a file.
advanced_usage.working_with_metadata_standards.exif.RemoveExifMetadata
try (Metadata metadata = new Metadata(Constants.JpegWithExif)) {
IExif root = (IExif) metadata.getRootPackage();
root.setExifPackage(null);
metadata.save(Constants.OutputJpeg);
}
More resources
GitHub examples
You may easily run the code above and see the feature in action in our GitHub examples:
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